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Google One Setup

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Configure your network settings to use Google Public DNS

As a free Google One user, you can back up data on your Android phone, and also free up space in your Google Account using the storage manager. If you get a Google One membership, you'll unlock additional features like expanded cloud storage, support from our team of Google experts, and exclusive benefits. Pip install -upgrade google-cloud-storage Installing the Cloud SDK. The Cloud SDK is a set of command-line tools for Google Cloud. It contains gcloud, gsutil, and bq, which you can use to access Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, BigQuery, and other products and services from the command line. You can run these tools interactively or in your. Get the Google One app. Keep the important things on your phone backed up to the cloud. 1 Photos and videos uploaded in original quality will count towards your Google Account storage. Google allows you to use 15 GB of free Google online storage, and a paid subscription may. Start by unboxing the Google WiFi units and grab one to use as your main unit that you'll connect to your modem (or router, if you're looking to keep the advanced features of your old router). You'll need the power cord, as well as the ethernet cable that's included.

Google One Setup Instructions

When you use Google Public DNS, you are changing your DNS 'switchboard' operatorfrom your ISP to Google Public DNS.

In most cases, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automaticallyconfigures your system to use the IP addresses of your ISP's domain nameservers. To use Google Public DNS, you need to explicitly change the DNSsettings in your operating system or device to use the Google Public DNS IPaddresses. The procedure for changing your DNS settings varies according tooperating system and version (Windows, Mac, Linux, or Chrome OS) or the device(computer, phone, or router). We give general procedures here that might notapply for your OS or device; consult your vendor documentation for authoritativeinformation.

Depending on your system you may also have the option of enabling a newprivacy-oriented feature called DNS-over-TLS. This feature provides privacyand security for the DNS messages sent between your device and Google's DNSservers. Details on configuring this optional feature are in specific sectionsfor each system.

Caution: We recommend that only users who are proficient with configuringoperating system settings make these changes.

Important: Before you start

Before you change your DNS settings to use Google Public DNS, be sure to writedown the current server addresses or settings on a piece of paper. It is veryimportant that you keep these numbers for backup purposes, in case you need torevert to them at any time.

We also recommend that you print this page, in the event that you encounter aproblem and need to refer to these instructions.

Google Public DNS IP addresses

The Google Public DNS IP addresses (IPv4) are as follows:

  • 8.8.8.8
  • 8.8.4.4

The Google Public DNS IPv6 addresses are as follows:

  • 2001:4860:4860::8888
  • 2001:4860:4860::8844

You can use either address as your primary or secondary DNS server.

Important: For the most reliable DNS service, configure at leasttwo DNSaddresses. Do not specify the same address as both primary and secondary.

You can configure Google Public DNS addresses for either IPv4 or IPv6connections, or both. For IPv6-only networks with a NAT64 gateway using the64:ff9b::/96 prefix, you can use Google Public DNS64 instead of GooglePublic DNS IPv6 addresses, providing connectivity to IPv4-only services withoutany other configuration.

Change your DNS servers settings

Because the instructions differ between different versions/releases of eachoperating system, we only give one version as an example. If you need specificinstructions for your operating system/version, please consult your vendor'sdocumentation. You may also find answers on our user group page.

Many systems let you to specify multiple DNS servers, to be contacted inpriority order. In the following instructions, we provide steps to specify onlythe Google Public DNS servers as the primary and secondary servers, to ensurethat your setup correctly uses Google Public DNS in all cases.

Note: Depending on your network setup, you may need administrator/rootprivileges to change these settings.

Windows

DNS settings are specified in the TCP/IP Properties window for the selectednetwork connection.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Windows 10

  1. Go to the Control Panel.
  2. Click Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center > Changeadapter settings.

  3. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:

    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, right-click theEthernet interface and select Properties.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, right-click the Wi-Fiinterface and select Properties.

    If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type thepassword or provide confirmation.

  4. Select the Networking tab. Under This connection uses the followingitems, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) or InternetProtocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) and then click Properties.

  5. Click Advanced and select the DNS tab. If there are any DNS serverIP addresses listed there, write them down for future reference, and removethem from this window.

  6. Click OK.

  7. Select Use the following DNS server addresses. If there are any IPaddresses listed in the Preferred DNS server or Alternate DNSserver, write them down for future reference.

  8. Replace those addresses with the IP addresses of the Google DNS servers:

    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.

  9. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

  10. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.

Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

macOS

Google

DNS settings are specified in the Network window.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on macOS 10.15

  1. Click Apple menu > System Preferences > Network.
  2. If the lock icon in the lower left-hand corner of the window is locked,click the icon to make changes, and when prompted to authenticate, enteryour password.
  3. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:
    • To change the settings for a Wi-Fi connection, select Wi-Fi, andclick Advanced.
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, select Built-InEthernet, and click Advanced.
  4. Select the DNS tab.
  5. Click + to replace any listed addresses with, or add, the Google IPaddresses at the top of the list:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Click OK > Apply.
  7. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  8. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.
Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup, we do not describe it here.

Linux

In most modern Linux distributions, DNS settings are configured through NetworkManager.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Ubuntu

  1. Click System > Preferences > Network Connections.
  2. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, select the Wiredtab, then select your network interface in the list. It is usuallycalled eth0.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, select theWireless tab, then select the appropriate wireless network.
  3. Click Edit, and in the window that appears, select the IPv4 Settingsor IPv6 Settings tab.
  4. If the selected method is Automatic (DHCP), open the dropdown and selectAutomatic (DHCP) addresses only instead. If the method is set tosomething else, do not change it.
  5. In the DNS servers field, enter the Google Public DNS IP addresses,separated by a comma:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Click Apply to save the change. If you are prompted for a password orconfirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
  7. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  8. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.

If your distribution doesn't use Network Manager, your DNS settings arespecified in /etc/resolv.conf.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on a Debian server

  1. Edit /etc/resolv.conf:

  2. If any nameserver lines appear, write down the IP addresses for futurereference.

  3. Replace the nameserver lines with, or add, the following lines:

    For IPv4:

    For IPv6:

    For IPv6-only, you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the aboveIPv6 addresses.

  4. Save and exit.

  5. Google chrome update now. Restart any Internet clients you are using.

  6. Ghttp google com. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Additionally, if you are using DHCP client software that overwrites the settingsin /etc/resolv.conf, you need to configure the DHCP client by editing theclient's configuration file.

Example: Configuring DHCP client software on a Debian server

  1. Back up /etc/resolv.conf:

  2. Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf (or /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf):

  3. If there is a line following request with only domain-name-servers,remove that line.

  4. If there is a line containing domain-name-servers with IP addresses, writedown the IP addresses for future reference.

  5. Replace that line with, or add, the following line:

    For IPv4:

    For IPv6:

    For IPv6-only, you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the aboveIPv6 addresses.

    Note: ISC DHCP v4.3.6 or higher is required for IPv6 domain-name-servers tobe processed; earlier versions would silently ignore such configuration.

  6. Save and exit.

  7. Restart any Internet clients you are using.

  8. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Chrome OS

DNS settings are specified in the Network section of the Settings menufor the selected network connection.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Chrome OS 71

  1. Open the Settings menu.
  2. In the Network section, select the connection for which you want toconfigure Google Public DNS. For example:
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, click on theEthernet section.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, click on the Wi-Fisection and select the appropriate network name.
    • Changing the DNS settings for a mobile data connection established withInstant Tethering isn't possible. For mobile Wi-Fi hotspots that aremanually set up, however, you can change the DNS settings using theinstructions for a wireless connection.
  3. Expand the Network section for the selected connection.
  4. In the Name servers section:
    • For IPv4: Select the Google name servers button (or alternatively,select the Custom name servers button and enter 8.8.8.8 and8.8.4.4).
    • For IPv6: Select the Custom name servers button and enter2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  5. Click outside the Network section to apply the settings.
  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  7. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.
Note: Linux Apps and Android Apps running on Chrome OS will use these DNS serversettings by default, but they also have the ability to override the settings.Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

Routers

Every router uses a different user interface for configuring DNS serversettings; we provide only the generic procedure. For more information,please consult your router documentation.

Note: Some ISPs hard-code their DNS servers into the equipment they provide; ifyou are using such a device, you cannot configure it to use Google Public DNS.Instead, you can configure each of the computers connected to the router, asdescribed above.

To change your settings on a router:

  1. In your browser, enter the IP address of your router to view the router'sadministration console. Most routers are manufactured to use a defaultaddress such as 192.168.0.1, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.2.1, or 192.168.1.100. Ifnone of them work or it's changed, try to find the default gateway addressin the network settings panel of your system.
  2. When prompted, enter the password to edit network settings.
  3. Find the screen in which DNS server settings are specified.
  4. If there are IP addresses specified in the fields for the primary andseconday DNS servers, write them down for future reference.
  5. Replace those addresses with the Google IP addresses:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Save and exit.
  7. Restart your browser.
  8. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Some routers use separate fields for all eight parts of IPv6 addresses andcannot accept the :: IPv6 abbreviation syntax. For such fields enter:

  • 2001:4860:4860:0:0:0:0:8888
  • 2001:4860:4860:0:0:0:0:8844

Expand the 0 entries to 0000 if four hex digits are required.

Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

iOS

You can change DNS settings on iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with the followingsteps.

  1. Go to Settings > Wi-Fi.
  2. Tap the ⓘ icon next to the Wi-Fi network that you want to change DNSservers for. Scroll down to find the DNS section and tap Configure DNS.
  3. Tap Manual and add Google IP addresses. Optionally you can also removeall default DNS servers in the list.
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844

Switching back to Automatic will restore the DNS server specified by the Wi-Finetwork.

Note: this change only applies to a specific Wi-Fi network but not to othernetworks in the Wi-Fi list or DNS settings for cellular data. If you wantall your Wi-Fi networks to use the same DNS configuration, the best option is toupdate the DNS configuration on your routers. To change the DNS for your iOSdevice on all networks including cellular data requires a VPN app that lets youto configure the DNS server for the VPN. Given that there are so many choices ofVPN app and the setup complexity, it is only recommended for advanced users.

Android

Android 9 (Pie) or higher

Android 9 supports 'Private DNS' which uses DNS-over-TLS to provide securityand privacy for your DNS queries. You can configure it with the following steps.

  1. Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Advanced > PrivateDNS.
  2. Select Private DNS provider hostname.
  3. Enter dns.google as the hostname of the DNS provider.
  4. Click Save.
Caution:Android 9 only! These Private DNS settings have no effect whenyou use a VPN like Nexus/Pixel Wi-Fi Assistant or Google FiEnhanced Network VPNs, or third-party VPN or DNS changer apps. Thosefeatures and apps override Private DNS and do not send DNS-over-TLSqueries to Google Public DNS. Most DNS changers send cleartext queries (a fewlike Intra use other secure DNS protocols) and VPN apps may not securequeries beyond the VPN server. This is fixed in Android 10.

For more information see the Android blog post announcing the feature.Please note that in Android P, the default mode for Private DNS is 'Automatic'which means it uses the network specified DNS server and it attempts a TLSconnection to port 853 before falling back to UDP on port 53.

Older Android versions

Devices running versions older than Android 9 do not support DNS-over-TLS andcannot configure private DNS for all networks. You can configure DNS for eachindividual Wi-Fi network you use. This requires configuring all networkinformation manually and is only recommended for advanced users.

Mobile or other devices

DNS servers are typically specified under advanced Wi-Fi settings. However, asevery mobile device uses a different user interface for configuring DNS serversettings, we provide only the generic procedure. For more information,please consult your mobile provider's documentation.

To change your settings on a mobile device:

  1. Go to the screen in which Wi-Fi settings are specified.
  2. Find the screen in which DNS server settings are specified.
  3. If there are IP addresses specified in the fields for the primary andsecondary DNS servers, write them down for future reference.
  4. Replace those addresses with the Google IP addresses:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  5. Save and exit.
  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Test your new settings

To test that the Google DNS resolver is working:

  1. From your browser, enter a hostname URL (such ashttp://www.google.com/). If it resolvescorrectly, quit the browser, load the page again and refresh it for severaltimes to make sure the result is not from a cached web page.

    • If you are using Google Public DNS64 on an IPv6-only system, repeatthe above test with an IPv4-only hostname URL (such ashttp://ipv4.google.com/).

    If all of these tests work, everything is working correctly. Ubuntu os download iso. If not, go tothe next step.

  2. From your browser, type in a fixed IP address. You can usehttp://216.218.228.119/ (which points to thetest-ipv6.com website) as the URL.1

    • If you are using Google Public DNS64 on an IPv6-only system, usehttp://[64:ff9b::d8da:e477]/ as theURL instead. If this test does not work, you do not have access to aNAT64 gateway at the reserved prefix 64:ff9b::/96 and cannot useGoogle Public DNS64.

    • If you are using an IPv6-only system without Google Public DNS64, usehttp://[2001:470:1:18::119]/ as theURL instead.

    If this works correctly, reload the page with a new opened browser to makesure the page is loaded from scratch. If these tests work (but step 1fails), then there is a problem with your DNS configuration; check the stepsabove to make sure you have configured everything correctly. If these testsdo not work, go to the next step.

  3. Roll back the DNS changes you made and run the tests again. If the testsstill do not work, then there is a problem with your network settings;contact your ISP or network administrator for assistance.

If you encounter any problems after setting Google Public DNS as your resolver,please run the diagnostic procedure.

1Google thanks Jason Fesler forgranting permission to use test-ipv6.com URLs for browser DNS testingpurposes.

Switch back to your old DNS settings

If you had not previously configured any customized DNS servers, to switch backto your old settings, in the window in which you specified the Google IPaddresses, select the option to enable obtaining DNS server addressesautomatically, and/or delete the Google IP addresses. This reverts your settingsto using your ISP's default servers.

If you need to manually specify any addresses, use the procedures above tospecify the old IP addresses.

Restart your system if necessary.

Configure your network settings to use Google Public DNS

When you use Google Public DNS, you are changing your DNS 'switchboard' operatorfrom your ISP to Google Public DNS.

In most cases, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automaticallyconfigures your system to use the IP addresses of your ISP's domain nameservers. To use Google Public DNS, you need to explicitly change the DNSsettings in your operating system or device to use the Google Public DNS IPaddresses. The procedure for changing your DNS settings varies according tooperating system and version (Windows, Mac, Linux, or Chrome OS) or the device(computer, phone, or router). We give general procedures here that might notapply for your OS or device; consult your vendor documentation for authoritativeinformation.

Google Setup Email

Depending on your system you may also have the option of enabling a newprivacy-oriented feature called DNS-over-TLS. This feature provides privacyand security for the DNS messages sent between your device and Google's DNSservers. Details on configuring this optional feature are in specific sectionsfor each system.

Caution: We recommend that only users who are proficient with configuringoperating system settings make these changes.

Important: Before you start

Before you change your DNS settings to use Google Public DNS, be sure to writedown the current server addresses or settings on a piece of paper. It is veryimportant that you keep these numbers for backup purposes, in case you need torevert to them at any time.

We also recommend that you print this page, in the event that you encounter aproblem and need to refer to these instructions.

Google Public DNS IP addresses

The Google Public DNS IP addresses (IPv4) are as follows:

  • 8.8.8.8
  • 8.8.4.4

The Google Public DNS IPv6 addresses are as follows:

  • 2001:4860:4860::8888
  • 2001:4860:4860::8844

You can use either address as your primary or secondary DNS server.

Important: For the most reliable DNS service, configure at leasttwo DNSaddresses. Do not specify the same address as both primary and secondary.
One

DNS settings are specified in the Network window.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on macOS 10.15

  1. Click Apple menu > System Preferences > Network.
  2. If the lock icon in the lower left-hand corner of the window is locked,click the icon to make changes, and when prompted to authenticate, enteryour password.
  3. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:
    • To change the settings for a Wi-Fi connection, select Wi-Fi, andclick Advanced.
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, select Built-InEthernet, and click Advanced.
  4. Select the DNS tab.
  5. Click + to replace any listed addresses with, or add, the Google IPaddresses at the top of the list:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Click OK > Apply.
  7. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  8. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.
Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup, we do not describe it here.

Linux

In most modern Linux distributions, DNS settings are configured through NetworkManager.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Ubuntu

  1. Click System > Preferences > Network Connections.
  2. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, select the Wiredtab, then select your network interface in the list. It is usuallycalled eth0.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, select theWireless tab, then select the appropriate wireless network.
  3. Click Edit, and in the window that appears, select the IPv4 Settingsor IPv6 Settings tab.
  4. If the selected method is Automatic (DHCP), open the dropdown and selectAutomatic (DHCP) addresses only instead. If the method is set tosomething else, do not change it.
  5. In the DNS servers field, enter the Google Public DNS IP addresses,separated by a comma:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Click Apply to save the change. If you are prompted for a password orconfirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
  7. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  8. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.

If your distribution doesn't use Network Manager, your DNS settings arespecified in /etc/resolv.conf.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on a Debian server

  1. Edit /etc/resolv.conf:

  2. If any nameserver lines appear, write down the IP addresses for futurereference.

  3. Replace the nameserver lines with, or add, the following lines:

    For IPv4:

    For IPv6:

    For IPv6-only, you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the aboveIPv6 addresses.

  4. Save and exit.

  5. Google chrome update now. Restart any Internet clients you are using.

  6. Ghttp google com. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Additionally, if you are using DHCP client software that overwrites the settingsin /etc/resolv.conf, you need to configure the DHCP client by editing theclient's configuration file.

Example: Configuring DHCP client software on a Debian server

  1. Back up /etc/resolv.conf:

  2. Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf (or /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf):

  3. If there is a line following request with only domain-name-servers,remove that line.

  4. If there is a line containing domain-name-servers with IP addresses, writedown the IP addresses for future reference.

  5. Replace that line with, or add, the following line:

    For IPv4:

    For IPv6:

    For IPv6-only, you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the aboveIPv6 addresses.

    Note: ISC DHCP v4.3.6 or higher is required for IPv6 domain-name-servers tobe processed; earlier versions would silently ignore such configuration.

  6. Save and exit.

  7. Restart any Internet clients you are using.

  8. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Chrome OS

DNS settings are specified in the Network section of the Settings menufor the selected network connection.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Chrome OS 71

  1. Open the Settings menu.
  2. In the Network section, select the connection for which you want toconfigure Google Public DNS. For example:
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, click on theEthernet section.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, click on the Wi-Fisection and select the appropriate network name.
    • Changing the DNS settings for a mobile data connection established withInstant Tethering isn't possible. For mobile Wi-Fi hotspots that aremanually set up, however, you can change the DNS settings using theinstructions for a wireless connection.
  3. Expand the Network section for the selected connection.
  4. In the Name servers section:
    • For IPv4: Select the Google name servers button (or alternatively,select the Custom name servers button and enter 8.8.8.8 and8.8.4.4).
    • For IPv6: Select the Custom name servers button and enter2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  5. Click outside the Network section to apply the settings.
  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  7. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.
Note: Linux Apps and Android Apps running on Chrome OS will use these DNS serversettings by default, but they also have the ability to override the settings.Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

Routers

Every router uses a different user interface for configuring DNS serversettings; we provide only the generic procedure. For more information,please consult your router documentation.

Note: Some ISPs hard-code their DNS servers into the equipment they provide; ifyou are using such a device, you cannot configure it to use Google Public DNS.Instead, you can configure each of the computers connected to the router, asdescribed above.

To change your settings on a router:

  1. In your browser, enter the IP address of your router to view the router'sadministration console. Most routers are manufactured to use a defaultaddress such as 192.168.0.1, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.2.1, or 192.168.1.100. Ifnone of them work or it's changed, try to find the default gateway addressin the network settings panel of your system.
  2. When prompted, enter the password to edit network settings.
  3. Find the screen in which DNS server settings are specified.
  4. If there are IP addresses specified in the fields for the primary andseconday DNS servers, write them down for future reference.
  5. Replace those addresses with the Google IP addresses:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Save and exit.
  7. Restart your browser.
  8. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Some routers use separate fields for all eight parts of IPv6 addresses andcannot accept the :: IPv6 abbreviation syntax. For such fields enter:

  • 2001:4860:4860:0:0:0:0:8888
  • 2001:4860:4860:0:0:0:0:8844

Expand the 0 entries to 0000 if four hex digits are required.

Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

iOS

You can change DNS settings on iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with the followingsteps.

  1. Go to Settings > Wi-Fi.
  2. Tap the ⓘ icon next to the Wi-Fi network that you want to change DNSservers for. Scroll down to find the DNS section and tap Configure DNS.
  3. Tap Manual and add Google IP addresses. Optionally you can also removeall default DNS servers in the list.
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844

Switching back to Automatic will restore the DNS server specified by the Wi-Finetwork.

Note: this change only applies to a specific Wi-Fi network but not to othernetworks in the Wi-Fi list or DNS settings for cellular data. If you wantall your Wi-Fi networks to use the same DNS configuration, the best option is toupdate the DNS configuration on your routers. To change the DNS for your iOSdevice on all networks including cellular data requires a VPN app that lets youto configure the DNS server for the VPN. Given that there are so many choices ofVPN app and the setup complexity, it is only recommended for advanced users.

Android

Android 9 (Pie) or higher

Android 9 supports 'Private DNS' which uses DNS-over-TLS to provide securityand privacy for your DNS queries. You can configure it with the following steps.

  1. Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Advanced > PrivateDNS.
  2. Select Private DNS provider hostname.
  3. Enter dns.google as the hostname of the DNS provider.
  4. Click Save.
Caution:Android 9 only! These Private DNS settings have no effect whenyou use a VPN like Nexus/Pixel Wi-Fi Assistant or Google FiEnhanced Network VPNs, or third-party VPN or DNS changer apps. Thosefeatures and apps override Private DNS and do not send DNS-over-TLSqueries to Google Public DNS. Most DNS changers send cleartext queries (a fewlike Intra use other secure DNS protocols) and VPN apps may not securequeries beyond the VPN server. This is fixed in Android 10.

For more information see the Android blog post announcing the feature.Please note that in Android P, the default mode for Private DNS is 'Automatic'which means it uses the network specified DNS server and it attempts a TLSconnection to port 853 before falling back to UDP on port 53.

Older Android versions

Devices running versions older than Android 9 do not support DNS-over-TLS andcannot configure private DNS for all networks. You can configure DNS for eachindividual Wi-Fi network you use. This requires configuring all networkinformation manually and is only recommended for advanced users.

Mobile or other devices

DNS servers are typically specified under advanced Wi-Fi settings. However, asevery mobile device uses a different user interface for configuring DNS serversettings, we provide only the generic procedure. For more information,please consult your mobile provider's documentation.

To change your settings on a mobile device:

  1. Go to the screen in which Wi-Fi settings are specified.
  2. Find the screen in which DNS server settings are specified.
  3. If there are IP addresses specified in the fields for the primary andsecondary DNS servers, write them down for future reference.
  4. Replace those addresses with the Google IP addresses:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  5. Save and exit.
  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Test your new settings

To test that the Google DNS resolver is working:

  1. From your browser, enter a hostname URL (such ashttp://www.google.com/). If it resolvescorrectly, quit the browser, load the page again and refresh it for severaltimes to make sure the result is not from a cached web page.

    • If you are using Google Public DNS64 on an IPv6-only system, repeatthe above test with an IPv4-only hostname URL (such ashttp://ipv4.google.com/).

    If all of these tests work, everything is working correctly. Ubuntu os download iso. If not, go tothe next step.

  2. From your browser, type in a fixed IP address. You can usehttp://216.218.228.119/ (which points to thetest-ipv6.com website) as the URL.1

    • If you are using Google Public DNS64 on an IPv6-only system, usehttp://[64:ff9b::d8da:e477]/ as theURL instead. If this test does not work, you do not have access to aNAT64 gateway at the reserved prefix 64:ff9b::/96 and cannot useGoogle Public DNS64.

    • If you are using an IPv6-only system without Google Public DNS64, usehttp://[2001:470:1:18::119]/ as theURL instead.

    If this works correctly, reload the page with a new opened browser to makesure the page is loaded from scratch. If these tests work (but step 1fails), then there is a problem with your DNS configuration; check the stepsabove to make sure you have configured everything correctly. If these testsdo not work, go to the next step.

  3. Roll back the DNS changes you made and run the tests again. If the testsstill do not work, then there is a problem with your network settings;contact your ISP or network administrator for assistance.

If you encounter any problems after setting Google Public DNS as your resolver,please run the diagnostic procedure.

1Google thanks Jason Fesler forgranting permission to use test-ipv6.com URLs for browser DNS testingpurposes.

Switch back to your old DNS settings

If you had not previously configured any customized DNS servers, to switch backto your old settings, in the window in which you specified the Google IPaddresses, select the option to enable obtaining DNS server addressesautomatically, and/or delete the Google IP addresses. This reverts your settingsto using your ISP's default servers.

If you need to manually specify any addresses, use the procedures above tospecify the old IP addresses.

Restart your system if necessary.

Configure your network settings to use Google Public DNS

When you use Google Public DNS, you are changing your DNS 'switchboard' operatorfrom your ISP to Google Public DNS.

In most cases, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automaticallyconfigures your system to use the IP addresses of your ISP's domain nameservers. To use Google Public DNS, you need to explicitly change the DNSsettings in your operating system or device to use the Google Public DNS IPaddresses. The procedure for changing your DNS settings varies according tooperating system and version (Windows, Mac, Linux, or Chrome OS) or the device(computer, phone, or router). We give general procedures here that might notapply for your OS or device; consult your vendor documentation for authoritativeinformation.

Google Setup Email

Depending on your system you may also have the option of enabling a newprivacy-oriented feature called DNS-over-TLS. This feature provides privacyand security for the DNS messages sent between your device and Google's DNSservers. Details on configuring this optional feature are in specific sectionsfor each system.

Caution: We recommend that only users who are proficient with configuringoperating system settings make these changes.

Important: Before you start

Before you change your DNS settings to use Google Public DNS, be sure to writedown the current server addresses or settings on a piece of paper. It is veryimportant that you keep these numbers for backup purposes, in case you need torevert to them at any time.

We also recommend that you print this page, in the event that you encounter aproblem and need to refer to these instructions.

Google Public DNS IP addresses

The Google Public DNS IP addresses (IPv4) are as follows:

  • 8.8.8.8
  • 8.8.4.4

The Google Public DNS IPv6 addresses are as follows:

  • 2001:4860:4860::8888
  • 2001:4860:4860::8844

You can use either address as your primary or secondary DNS server.

Important: For the most reliable DNS service, configure at leasttwo DNSaddresses. Do not specify the same address as both primary and secondary.

You can configure Google Public DNS addresses for either IPv4 or IPv6connections, or both. For IPv6-only networks with a NAT64 gateway using the64:ff9b::/96 prefix, you can use Google Public DNS64 instead of GooglePublic DNS IPv6 addresses, providing connectivity to IPv4-only services withoutany other configuration.

Change your DNS servers settings

Because the instructions differ between different versions/releases of eachoperating system, we only give one version as an example. If you need specificinstructions for your operating system/version, please consult your vendor'sdocumentation. You may also find answers on our user group page.

Many systems let you to specify multiple DNS servers, to be contacted inpriority order. In the following instructions, we provide steps to specify onlythe Google Public DNS servers as the primary and secondary servers, to ensurethat your setup correctly uses Google Public DNS in all cases.

Note: Depending on your network setup, you may need administrator/rootprivileges to change these settings.

Windows

DNS settings are specified in the TCP/IP Properties window for the selectednetwork connection.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Windows 10

  1. Go to the Control Panel.
  2. Click Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center > Changeadapter settings.

  3. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:

    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, right-click theEthernet interface and select Properties.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, right-click the Wi-Fiinterface and select Properties.

    If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type thepassword or provide confirmation.

  4. Select the Networking tab. Under This connection uses the followingitems, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) or InternetProtocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) and then click Properties.

  5. Click Advanced and select the DNS tab. If there are any DNS serverIP addresses listed there, write them down for future reference, and removethem from this window.

  6. Click OK.

  7. Select Use the following DNS server addresses. If there are any IPaddresses listed in the Preferred DNS server or Alternate DNSserver, write them down for future reference.

  8. Replace those addresses with the IP addresses of the Google DNS servers:

    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.

  9. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

  10. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.

Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

macOS

DNS settings are specified in the Network window.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on macOS 10.15

  1. Click Apple menu > System Preferences > Network.
  2. If the lock icon in the lower left-hand corner of the window is locked,click the icon to make changes, and when prompted to authenticate, enteryour password.
  3. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:
    • To change the settings for a Wi-Fi connection, select Wi-Fi, andclick Advanced.
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, select Built-InEthernet, and click Advanced.
  4. Select the DNS tab.
  5. Click + to replace any listed addresses with, or add, the Google IPaddresses at the top of the list:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Click OK > Apply.
  7. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  8. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.
Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup, we do not describe it here.

Linux

In most modern Linux distributions, DNS settings are configured through NetworkManager.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Ubuntu

  1. Click System > Preferences > Network Connections.
  2. Select the connection for which you want to configure Google Public DNS. Forexample:
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, select the Wiredtab, then select your network interface in the list. It is usuallycalled eth0.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, select theWireless tab, then select the appropriate wireless network.
  3. Click Edit, and in the window that appears, select the IPv4 Settingsor IPv6 Settings tab.
  4. If the selected method is Automatic (DHCP), open the dropdown and selectAutomatic (DHCP) addresses only instead. If the method is set tosomething else, do not change it.
  5. In the DNS servers field, enter the Google Public DNS IP addresses,separated by a comma:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Click Apply to save the change. If you are prompted for a password orconfirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
  7. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  8. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.

If your distribution doesn't use Network Manager, your DNS settings arespecified in /etc/resolv.conf.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on a Debian server

  1. Edit /etc/resolv.conf:

  2. If any nameserver lines appear, write down the IP addresses for futurereference.

  3. Replace the nameserver lines with, or add, the following lines:

    For IPv4:

    For IPv6:

    For IPv6-only, you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the aboveIPv6 addresses.

  4. Save and exit.

  5. Restart any Internet clients you are using.

  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Additionally, if you are using DHCP client software that overwrites the settingsin /etc/resolv.conf, you need to configure the DHCP client by editing theclient's configuration file.

Example: Configuring DHCP client software on a Debian server

  1. Back up /etc/resolv.conf:

  2. Edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf (or /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf):

  3. If there is a line following request with only domain-name-servers,remove that line.

  4. If there is a line containing domain-name-servers with IP addresses, writedown the IP addresses for future reference.

  5. Replace that line with, or add, the following line:

    For IPv4:

    For IPv6:

    For IPv6-only, you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the aboveIPv6 addresses.

    Note: ISC DHCP v4.3.6 or higher is required for IPv6 domain-name-servers tobe processed; earlier versions would silently ignore such configuration.

  6. Save and exit.

  7. Restart any Internet clients you are using.

  8. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Chrome OS

DNS settings are specified in the Network section of the Settings menufor the selected network connection.

Example: Changing DNS server settings on Chrome OS 71

  1. Open the Settings menu.
  2. In the Network section, select the connection for which you want toconfigure Google Public DNS. For example:
    • To change the settings for an Ethernet connection, click on theEthernet section.
    • To change the settings for a wireless connection, click on the Wi-Fisection and select the appropriate network name.
    • Changing the DNS settings for a mobile data connection established withInstant Tethering isn't possible. For mobile Wi-Fi hotspots that aremanually set up, however, you can change the DNS settings using theinstructions for a wireless connection.
  3. Expand the Network section for the selected connection.
  4. In the Name servers section:
    • For IPv4: Select the Google name servers button (or alternatively,select the Custom name servers button and enter 8.8.8.8 and8.8.4.4).
    • For IPv6: Select the Custom name servers button and enter2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  5. Click outside the Network section to apply the settings.
  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.
  7. Repeat the procedure for additional network connections you want to change.
Note: Linux Apps and Android Apps running on Chrome OS will use these DNS serversettings by default, but they also have the ability to override the settings.Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

Routers

Every router uses a different user interface for configuring DNS serversettings; we provide only the generic procedure. For more information,please consult your router documentation.

Note: Some ISPs hard-code their DNS servers into the equipment they provide; ifyou are using such a device, you cannot configure it to use Google Public DNS.Instead, you can configure each of the computers connected to the router, asdescribed above.

To change your settings on a router:

  1. In your browser, enter the IP address of your router to view the router'sadministration console. Most routers are manufactured to use a defaultaddress such as 192.168.0.1, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.2.1, or 192.168.1.100. Ifnone of them work or it's changed, try to find the default gateway addressin the network settings panel of your system.
  2. When prompted, enter the password to edit network settings.
  3. Find the screen in which DNS server settings are specified.
  4. If there are IP addresses specified in the fields for the primary andseconday DNS servers, write them down for future reference.
  5. Replace those addresses with the Google IP addresses:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  6. Save and exit.
  7. Restart your browser.
  8. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Some routers use separate fields for all eight parts of IPv6 addresses andcannot accept the :: IPv6 abbreviation syntax. For such fields enter:

  • 2001:4860:4860:0:0:0:0:8888
  • 2001:4860:4860:0:0:0:0:8844

Expand the 0 entries to 0000 if four hex digits are required.

Note: There is no support for DNS-over-TLS in the base OS. To use DNS-over-TLSrequires setting up a proxy resolver that supports DNS-over-TLS. Due to thecomplexity of the setup we do not describe it here.

iOS

You can change DNS settings on iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with the followingsteps.

  1. Go to Settings > Wi-Fi.
  2. Tap the ⓘ icon next to the Wi-Fi network that you want to change DNSservers for. Scroll down to find the DNS section and tap Configure DNS.
  3. Tap Manual and add Google IP addresses. Optionally you can also removeall default DNS servers in the list.
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844

Switching back to Automatic will restore the DNS server specified by the Wi-Finetwork.

Note: this change only applies to a specific Wi-Fi network but not to othernetworks in the Wi-Fi list or DNS settings for cellular data. If you wantall your Wi-Fi networks to use the same DNS configuration, the best option is toupdate the DNS configuration on your routers. To change the DNS for your iOSdevice on all networks including cellular data requires a VPN app that lets youto configure the DNS server for the VPN. Given that there are so many choices ofVPN app and the setup complexity, it is only recommended for advanced users.

Android

Android 9 (Pie) or higher

Android 9 supports 'Private DNS' which uses DNS-over-TLS to provide securityand privacy for your DNS queries. You can configure it with the following steps.

Google One Support Number

  1. Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Advanced > PrivateDNS.
  2. Select Private DNS provider hostname.
  3. Enter dns.google as the hostname of the DNS provider.
  4. Click Save.
Caution:Android 9 only! These Private DNS settings have no effect whenyou use a VPN like Nexus/Pixel Wi-Fi Assistant or Google FiEnhanced Network VPNs, or third-party VPN or DNS changer apps. Thosefeatures and apps override Private DNS and do not send DNS-over-TLSqueries to Google Public DNS. Most DNS changers send cleartext queries (a fewlike Intra use other secure DNS protocols) and VPN apps may not securequeries beyond the VPN server. This is fixed in Android 10.

For more information see the Android blog post announcing the feature.Please note that in Android P, the default mode for Private DNS is 'Automatic'which means it uses the network specified DNS server and it attempts a TLSconnection to port 853 before falling back to UDP on port 53.

Older Android versions

Devices running versions older than Android 9 do not support DNS-over-TLS andcannot configure private DNS for all networks. You can configure DNS for eachindividual Wi-Fi network you use. This requires configuring all networkinformation manually and is only recommended for advanced users.

Mobile or other devices

DNS servers are typically specified under advanced Wi-Fi settings. However, asevery mobile device uses a different user interface for configuring DNS serversettings, we provide only the generic procedure. For more information,please consult your mobile provider's documentation.

To change your settings on a mobile device:

  1. Go to the screen in which Wi-Fi settings are specified.
  2. Find the screen in which DNS server settings are specified.
  3. If there are IP addresses specified in the fields for the primary andsecondary DNS servers, write them down for future reference.
  4. Replace those addresses with the Google IP addresses:
    • For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.
    • For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.
    • For IPv6-only: you can use Google Public DNS64instead of the IPv6addresses in the previous point.
  5. Save and exit.
  6. Test that your setup is working correctly; see Test your new settings.

Test your new settings

To test that the Google DNS resolver is working:

  1. From your browser, enter a hostname URL (such ashttp://www.google.com/). If it resolvescorrectly, quit the browser, load the page again and refresh it for severaltimes to make sure the result is not from a cached web page.

    • If you are using Google Public DNS64 on an IPv6-only system, repeatthe above test with an IPv4-only hostname URL (such ashttp://ipv4.google.com/).

    If all of these tests work, everything is working correctly. If not, go tothe next step.

  2. From your browser, type in a fixed IP address. You can usehttp://216.218.228.119/ (which points to thetest-ipv6.com website) as the URL.1

    • If you are using Google Public DNS64 on an IPv6-only system, usehttp://[64:ff9b::d8da:e477]/ as theURL instead. If this test does not work, you do not have access to aNAT64 gateway at the reserved prefix 64:ff9b::/96 and cannot useGoogle Public DNS64.

    • If you are using an IPv6-only system without Google Public DNS64, usehttp://[2001:470:1:18::119]/ as theURL instead.

    If this works correctly, reload the page with a new opened browser to makesure the page is loaded from scratch. If these tests work (but step 1fails), then there is a problem with your DNS configuration; check the stepsabove to make sure you have configured everything correctly. If these testsdo not work, go to the next step.

  3. Roll back the DNS changes you made and run the tests again. If the testsstill do not work, then there is a problem with your network settings;contact your ISP or network administrator for assistance.

If you encounter any problems after setting Google Public DNS as your resolver,please run the diagnostic procedure.

1Google thanks Jason Fesler forgranting permission to use test-ipv6.com URLs for browser DNS testingpurposes.

Switch back to your old DNS settings

If you had not previously configured any customized DNS servers, to switch backto your old settings, in the window in which you specified the Google IPaddresses, select the option to enable obtaining DNS server addressesautomatically, and/or delete the Google IP addresses. This reverts your settingsto using your ISP's default servers.

If you need to manually specify any addresses, use the procedures above tospecify the old IP addresses.

Restart your system if necessary.





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